Fig. 2: Ion sieving performance of differently charged membranes.
From: Preference of negatively charged membranes in magnesium and lithium separation by nanofiltration
Ion rejections of (a) negatively charged membranes and (b) positively charged membranes during filtration of different ions (the mixed Li+/Mg2+ solution includes 15 mmol L−1 MgCl2 and 15 mmol L−1 LiCl). The inset represents an enlarged view showing finer details of the main figure. Dotted arrows serve as visual guidance. c Anion rejection of the DK and PEINF membranes under different solution conditions. The data are presented as mean ± standard deviations (SD), n = 3. Error bars in all figures represent SD calculated using the STDEV formula. d Schematic diagram of the rejection of different ion solutions by negatively charged NF membranes. Effect of e salt concentration and f ion composition on Li+ rejection of negatively charged membranes.
