Fig. 2: Characterization of WBG perovskite films.

a PL spectra, b confocal PL mapping, and c TRPL of control and target perovskite film, AFM topography of d control and g target perovskite film and corresponding TP-AFM resolved mapping areas (100 × 100 nm2, red boxes marked), TPV (charge-carrier recombination lifetime, τr) mapping of e control and h target perovskite film. Diffusion length (LD) mapping of f control and i target perovskite film (The data analysis areas for TPV and LD correspond to the red boxes area marked in the AFM).