Fig. 2: The blood gene expression response to Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo vaccines.

a Volcano plot highlighting differentially expressed genes (DEGs, false discovery rate [FDR] <0.05; red upregulated and blue downregulated) on day 11 after first dose of Ad26.ZEBOV vaccine (all groups) compared with pre-vaccination (25 DEGs, n = 40). b Volcano plot highlighting differentially expressed genes (DEGs, false discovery rate [FDR] <0.05; red upregulated and blue downregulated) 7 days after second dose vaccine (MVA-BN-Filo) compared with pre-vaccination (442 DEGs, n = 39). c Agreement plot of changes in gene expression (differentially expressed gene only) after the first and second dose of vaccine. In purple are DEGs after first vaccine, green represent DEGs after the second dose only and cyan are genes differentially expressed at both time points. d Modular signatures induced during different study time points, enriched modules (FDR < 1 × 10–3) are displayed order by q-value. Segments of the pie charts represent the proportion of upregulated (red) and downregulated (blue) genes (absolute fold change > 1.25). Module expression was assessed using the “tmodCERNOtest” function, this is a one-sided test for enriching that applies FDR correction for multiple testing. e Volcano plot highlighting differentially expressed genes (DEGs, false discovery rate [FDR] <0.05; red upregulated and blue downregulated) on day 11 after first dose of Ad26.ZEBOV vaccine (all groups) compared with 7 days after second dose vaccine (MVA-BN-Filo) (1987 DEGs, n = 39). f Plotted are the CIBERSORTx plasma cell fractions from whole blood RNA-sequencing data, with median and interquartile range. P-values were determined from a two-sample Wilcoxon rank-sum test (D1 n = 40 individuals, D11 n = 40 individuals and D7 n = 39 individuals). g Volcano plot derived from imputed plasma cell gene expression using CIBERSORTx on the 1000 most differentially expressed genes at day 11, highlighting differentially expressed genes based on two-sided moderated t-tests (DEGs, false discovery rate [FDR] <0.05; red upregulated and blue downregulated) day 11 after first dose of Ad26.ZEBOV vaccine (all groups) compared with pre-vaccination (228 DEGs, n = 40 individuals).