Fig. 3: Pathways enriched based on AF-associated genes.

a Pathway enrichment in the Reactome database. The x-axis represents the effect size of the pathway’s influence on AF, while the y-axis shows the -log10(P) values, indicating statistical significance. Each dot corresponds to a pathway, with blue dots representing pathways that are significant after Bonferroni correction. b Pathway enrichment in the Gene Ontology (GO) database. The analysis includes pathways categorized under biological processes (BP), molecular functions (MF), and cellular components (CC). The x-axis represents the ratio of AF-associated genes to the total number of genes in each pathway, while the y-axis lists the pathways. Each dot represents a pathway, where the color reflects the Bonferroni-adjusted p-value, and the size indicates the count of AF-associated genes in each pathway. For clarity, the figure only highlights the top 10 out of 50 BP pathways due to space constraints. Full results, including all pathways, are provided in Supplementary Data 5 and Supplementary Data 6. The statistical test was two-sided, and the Bonferroni-corrected significance level was applied. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.