Table 3 Association of GDF11/8, GDF8 and GDF11 analyzed as continuous variables with cardiovascular outcomes and mortality

From: Activated GDF11/8 subforms predict cardiovascular events and mortality in humans

Outcome

Model

Per 1 SD increase

  

GDF11/8

GDF8

GDF11

  

HR (95% CI)

p-value

HR (95% CI)

p-value

HR (95% CI)

p-value

Composite

Unadjusted (Model 0)

0.736 (0.695-0.780)

p < 0.001

0.910 (0.855-0.970)

p = 0.004

0.986 (0.934-1.041)

p = 0.613

Model 1

0.709 (0.668-0.753)

p < 0.001

0.922 (0.867-0.980)

p = 0.009

0.980 (0.930-1.033)

p = 0.449

Model 2

0.735 (0.692-0.781)

p < 0.001

0.933 (0.878-0.992)

p = 0.026

0.979 (0.929-1.032)

p = 0.438

Death

Unadjusted (Model 0)

0.711 (0.644-0.785)

p < 0.001

0.819 (0.722-0.928)

p = 0.002

1.048 (0.964-1.139)

p = 0.268

Model 1

0.693 (0.624-0.769)

p < 0.001

0.856 (0.762-0.962)

p = 0.009

1.039 (0.959-1.125)

p = 0.348

Model 2

0.717 (0.645-0.797)

p < 0.001

0.866 (0.771-0.973)

p = 0.016

1.037 (0.958-1.122)

p = 0.372

HF

Unadjusted (Model 0)

0.673 (0.611-0.742)

p < 0.001

0.931 (0.841-1.031)

p = 0.172

0.909 (0.817-1.010)

p = 0.077

Model 1

0.653 (0.590-0.722)

p < 0.001

0.951 (0.864-1.047)

p = 0.307

0.901 (0.812-1.000)

p = 0.051

Model 2

0.675 (0.609-0.748)

p < 0.001

0.966 (0.879-1.062)

p = 0.480

0.907 (0.817-1.006)

p = 0.064

MI

Unadjusted (Model 0)

0.833 (0.733-0.946)

p = 0.005

1.017 (0.904-1.144)

p = 0.775

1.010 (0.898-1.137)

p = 0.863

Model 1

0.785 (0.686-0.897)

p < 0.001

0.990 (0.871-1.125)

p = 0.872

1.006 (0.900-1.123)

p = 0.920

Model 2

0.812 (0.709-0.929)

p = 0.002

1.000 (0.881-1.135)

p = 1.000

1.002 (0.896-1.122)

p = 0.966

Stroke

Unadjusted (Model 0)

0.861 (0.731-1.014)

p = 0.073

0.881 (0.725-1.070)

p = 0.200

0.958 (0.809-1.135)

p = 0.622

Model 1

0.826 (0.693-0.983)

p = 0.032

0.881 (0.726-1.069)

p = 0.200

0.958 (0.813-1.128)

p = 0.606

Model 2

0.860 (0.720-1.026)

p = 0.093

0.885 (0.725-1.080)

p = 0.229

0.946 (0.802-1.116)

p = 0.512

  1. Associations were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression models (two-sided). GDF11/8, GDF8 and GDF11 levels were analyzed per standard deviation (SD) increase. Results are reported as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and exact p-values. Bolded values indicate statistical significance (p  <  0.05). Model 1 adjusts for age, sex, race, and study. Model 2 further adjusts for smoking history, diabetes status, hypertension treatment, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol.All models satisfied the proportional hazards assumption which was verified by Schoenfeld residuals. HF heart failure.
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