Fig. 8: Sea surface temperature (SST) sensitivity from the atmospheric model experiment with prescribed global 2023 SSTs (GBL23).

Composite difference of simulated (a) 200 hPa Rossby wave source (RWS), b 200 hPa streamfunction (contour, 106 s−1) and anomalous vorticity advection (color), c 200 hPa velocity potential (contour, 106 s−1) and mean vorticity advection (color), d 200 hPa rotational wind (vector, ms-1) and anomalous vortex stretching (color), and e 200 hPa divergent wind component (vector, ms−1) and mean vortex stretching. The units for the RWS terms are 10−11 s−2, see Methods for definition. Composites are from the atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiment with prescribed 2023 global SSTs (GBL23). The composite differences are with respect to the control experiment (CTL) for June-July-August.