Fig. 2: Anyon-quasihole braiding in Andreev-like tunneling processes.

Gray arrows mark the chirality of the corresponding channels. a Leading-order Andreev-like tunneling, corresponding to Fig. 1c. Here, an anyon from the diluted beam (the blue pulse, of charge νe) arrives at the central collider, triggering the tunneling of an electron (the red pulse, of charge e) and the accompanied reflection of a hole [the green pulse, of charge (ν − 1)e]. Panels b and c: Illustrations of Process I, at times 0 and t, respectively. In (b), an Andreev-like tunneling occurs at time 0 at the collider. The positions of the particles involved at a later time t are marked accordingly in (c). In both (b) and (c), the non-equilibrium anyon (the black pulse) is located upstream (to the left) of the reflected hole (the green pulse). d Process II, in which the Andreev-like tunneling occurs at time t, when the black pulse has already passed the central QPC. In comparison to (b) and (c), here the non-equilibrium anyon (the black pulse) is located downstream (to the right) of the reflected hole (the green pulse). The interference of Processes I and II thus generates the anyon-quasihole braiding between the non-equilibrium anyon (black) and the reflected quasihole (green). Note that this is not a vacuum-bubble braiding (ref. ⁴⁰) a.k.a. time-domain braiding (refs. ^{18,39,41,42,71}).