Fig. 3: Risk difference of post-acute COVID-19 neuropsychiatric and related conditions in youths aged 12 to 20, compared to the COVID-19-negative cohort. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Risk difference of post-acute COVID-19 neuropsychiatric and related conditions in youths aged 12 to 20, compared to the COVID-19-negative cohort.

From: Risk of neuropsychiatric and related conditions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a difference-in-differences analysis

Fig. 3

Outcomes include cluster-level conditions across adverse childhood experiences, anxiety disorders, disruptive behavior disorders, eating and feeding disorders, elimination disorders, gender dysphoria/sexual dysfunction, intentional self-harm/suicidality, mood disorders, neurocognitive disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, personality disorders, psychotic disorders, sleep-wake disorders, standalone symptoms, substance use and dependence, and tic disorders. The composite outcome refers to the occurrence of any listed neuropsychiatric or related condition. The sample size was 184,725 for the COVID-19 positive group and 445,524 for the COVID-19 negative group. Risk differences and 95% confidence intervals are shown. Red lines indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05), while gray lines indicate non-significant findings. P values were calculated using two-sided t tests; no adjustments were made for multiple comparisons.

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