Table 3 Raw frequency of individual and composite neuropsychiatric and related conditions before and after the index date in the youths cohort (12–20 years)

From: Risk of neuropsychiatric and related conditions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a difference-in-differences analysis

 

COVID-19 Positive cohort

COVID-19 Negative cohort

 

Pre-Index

Post-Index

Pre-Index

Post-Index

Any neuropsychiatric and related conditions

16·00%

17·86%

15·55%

16·76%

Adverse Childhood Experiences

Emotional Abuse

0·03%

0·03%

0·03%

0·02%

Neglect

0·01%

0·01%

0·02%

0·02%

Physical Abuse

0·13%

0·13%

0·16%

0·14%

Sexual Abuse

0·09%

0·10%

0·11%

0·10%

Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety Disorder

6·88%

7·98%

6·19%

7·04%

OCD

0·10%

0·47%

0·12%

0·46%

Somatoform Disorder

0·49%

0·55%

0·43%

0·54%

Stress Disorder

2·60%

2·90%

2·33%

2·60%

Disruptive Behavior Disorders

Conduct Disorder

0·24%

0·23%

0·26%

0·27%

Impulse Control Disorder

0·40%

0·42%

0·44%

0·46%

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

0·33%

0·33%

0·39%

0·36%

Eating and Feeding Disorders

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake

0·90%

1·04%

0·97%

1·21%

Other Eating and Feeding Disorder

0·05%

0·06%

0·07%

0·07%

Elimination Disorders

Encopresis

0·03%

0·03%

0·05%

0·04%

Enuresis

0·19%

0·18%

0·21%

0·18%

Gender Dysphoria/Sexual Dysfunction

Gender Dysphoria

0·30%

0·36%

0·58%

0·64%

Paraphilia

0·01%

0·00%

0·01%

0·01%

Sexual Dysfunction

0·02%

0·02%

0·02%

0·02%

Intentional Self-Harm/Suicidality

Parasuicidality

0·25%

0·30%

0·31%

0·35%

Suicidality

0·87%

0·99%

1·09%

1·13%

Mood Disorders

Bipolar Disorder

0·16%

0·17%

0·15%

0·16%

Major Depression

3·55%

3·84%

3·58%

3·95%

Minor Depression

3·44%

4·25%

3·19%

3·76%

Neurocognitive Disorders

Catatonia

0·02%

0·03%

0·02%

0·03%

Delirium

0·36%

0·48%

0·39%

0·42%

Encephalopathy

0·05%

0·07%

0·07%

0·08%

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Academic Developmental Disorder

0·41%

0·41%

0·46%

0·43%

ADHD

4·48%

4·79%

4·23%

4·30%

Autism Spectrum Disorder

1·22%

1·28%

1·50%

1·51%

Communication/Motor Disorder

0·51%

0·53%

0·65%

0·63%

Intellectual Disability

0·83%

0·87%

1·09%

1·06%

Personality Disorders

Personality Disorder

0·13%

0·16%

0·13%

0·18%

Psychotic Disorders

Psychotic Disorder

0·12%

0·15%

0·17%

0·20%

Schizoaffective Disorder

0·02%

0·03%

0·03%

0·04%

Schizophrenia

0·05%

0·07%

0·06%

0·08%

Sleep-Wake Disorders

Hypersomnia

0·13%

0·15%

0·16%

0·16%

Insomnia

0·75%

0·90%

0·80%

0·84%

Parasomnias

0·12%

0·14%

0·17%

0·16%

Standalone Symptoms

Anger/Aggression

0·28%

0·29%

0·35%

0·33%

Anxiety Symptoms

0·31%

0·38%

0·32%

0·32%

Attention Symptoms

0·35%

0·44%

0·33%

0·35%

Depressive Symptoms

0·04%

0·05%

0·04%

0·04%

Hallucinations

0·40%

0·11%

0·41%

0·12%

Substance Use and Dependence

Alcohol

0·09%

0·10%

0·08%

0·09%

Opioid Related

0·03%

0·04%

0·03%

0·04%

Other Substances

0·14%

0·17%

0·16%

0·19%

THC

0·20%

0·25%

0·23%

0·28%

Tobacco

0·42%

0·51%

0·33%

0·41%

Tic Disorders

Tic Disorder

0·28%

0·30%

0·32%

0·31%

  1. Pre-Index: Visit dates are between 24 months to 7 days before the index date.
  2. Post-Index: Visit dates are between 28 and 179 days after the index date.
  3. For COVID-19 negative group, index dates are imputed randomly from the distribution of index dates observed in the COVID-19 positive cohort. Pre-Index means visit dates are between 24 months to 7 days before the index date, and post-index means visit dates are between 28-179 days after the index date.
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