Fig. 2: Volatility distribution of oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) and its link to growth rate (GR).

a Condensation GR contributed by OOMs with different volatility for 1.5–3 nm, 3–7 nm, and 7–25 nm particles. b Volatility distribution of sulfuric acid (SA) and OOMs at ambient temperature in new particle formation (NPF) days in autumn 2018 and 2021 in Beijing. Bars corresponding to the locations of −9 and 5 on the horizontal axis are the total concentrations of OOMs with log10C* ≤ −9 and log10C* ≥ 5, respectively. c Concentrations of SA and OOMs with different volatility in 2018 and 2021. The concentration of SA and the volatility distribution of OOMs in autumn 2018 is from Qiao et al.20.