Fig. 3: Global and southern hemisphere climate variations since the late Miocene.
From: South Pacific sea surface temperature and global ocean circulation changes since the late Miocene
a global benthic oxygen isotope signature36; b simulated volume of the Antarctic Ice Sheet46 (AIS; reversed scale); c–k sea surface temperature (TEX86 and SSTUK’37) records from, respectively, the Ross Sea (AND-1B39), the Eastern South Pacific Ocean (U1543/PS97-114-2; this study), the Southwest Pacific Ocean1 (DSDP 594, ODP 1125), the Tasmanian gateway area (ODP 116818), the South Atlantic (ODP 10881 and ODP 109037), the western equatorial Pacific warm pool (ODP 80638) and the equatorial Pacific cold tongue region (U133723). The thick smoothed records in d–k represent 100 kyr-binned records by averaging the SST data for every 100 kyrs in 50 kyr-overlapping windows. Grey bar during iNHG marks the period of ESP warming. LMC late Miocene cooling, PTR Pliocene global temperature reversal, PWP Pliocene warm period, iNHG intensification of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation, MPT mid-Pleistocene transition.
