Fig. 1: Demographic and clinical characteristics of biobank-scale cohorts under study.

The figure illustrates distributions of age, sex, and the number of cases and controls per ancestry across five datasets in this study: All of Us (AoU), Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP), 100,000 Genomes Project (100KGP), UK Biobank (UKB), and Accelerating Medicines Partnership in Parkinson’s Disease (AMP PD). Ancestries represented include European (EUR), African (AFR), American Admixed (AMR), African Admixed (AAC), Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ), Central Asian (CAS), Eastern Asian (EAS), South Asian (SAS), Middle Eastern (MDE), Finnish (FIN), and Complex Admixture History (CAH).