Table 2 Bounds of uniform prior distributions for each parameter with underlying assumptions and interpretations. PFC: prefrontal cortex; OFC: orbitofrontal cortex; NAcc: nucleus accumbens

C_OL

Lateral PFC to OFC coupling strength

0–0.5

Cortico-cortical long-range projections are glutamatergic/excitatory¹³⁶

C_LO

OFC to lateral PFC coupling strength

C_OA

NAcc to OFC coupling strength

− 0.5 – 0.5

Striato-cortical mean-reversal process can favour either direct (positive) or indirect (negative) pathway⁸¹

C_LP

Putamen to lateral PFC coupling strength

C_AO

OFC to NAcc coupling strength

0–0.5

Cortico-striatal couplings are excitatory^46,137

C_PL

Lateral PFC to Putamen coupling strength

C_AP

Putamen to NAcc coupling strength

− 0.5 – 0.5

Striato-striatal couplings can be inhibitory or disinhibitory^81,83

C_PA

NAcc to Putamen coupling strength

\({\eta }_{{OA}}\)

NAcc to OFC (\({\eta }_{{OA}}\)) and Putamen to lateral PFC (\({\eta }_{{LP}}\)) drift; i.e., rate at which striato-cortical coupling strength returns to its baseline value

0–0.1 s⁻¹

The drift of the striato-cortical mean-reversal process occurs at a timescale at least 10x slower than neural dynamics (i.e., phasic dopamine release acts at a timescale of hundreds of milliseconds)¹¹⁷

\({\eta }_{{LP}}\)

σ

Amplitude of neural fluctuations from processes not modelled explicitly

0.05–0.1 s⁻¹

The noise standard deviation is between 0.05 and 0.1 s⁻¹

\({\sigma }_{{OA}}\)

NAcc to OFC (\({\sigma }_{{OA}}\)) and Putamen to lateral PFC (\({\sigma }_{{LP}}\)) volatility; i.e., the amplitude of random perturbations in coupling strength around its baseline value

0.1–0.4 s⁻¹

The volatility of striato-cortical mean-reversal process occurs at timescales 2.5 to 10x slower than neural dynamics (i.e., tonic dopamine release acts at timescales of a few milliseconds)¹¹⁸

\({\sigma }_{{LP}}\)