Fig. 7: Antifouling performance of CD/PDMS@Ms under different conditions. | Nature Communications

Fig. 7: Antifouling performance of CD/PDMS@Ms under different conditions.

From: Supramolecular dynamics-enhanced synergistic antifouling mechanisms for enhanced membrane antifouling and permeability

Fig. 7: Antifouling performance of CD/PDMS@Ms under different conditions.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Influence of rCD:PDMS, b feed pH, c stirring rate, and d temperature on antifouling performance of CD/PDMS@Ms in dead-end ultrafiltration experiment. Variations in membrane flux of e β-CD/PDMS@M and f γ-CD/PDMS@M over five filtration cycles with multiple foulants in dead-end ultrafiltration, the baseline flux corresponds to the pure water flux. Variations in membrane flux of CD/PDMS@Ms and Synder Filtration MQ membrane with feeds of (g) composite foulant solution, h coagulation-settled municipal wastewater, and (i) Lurgi gasification wastewater in 72-h cross-flow ultrafiltration, the baseline flux refers to the stabilized membrane flux after 30 min of operation. Unless otherwise stated, all experiments were conducted using BSA as the model foulant, with rCD:PDMS of 0.40 (β-CD/PDMS@M) and 0.27 (γ-CD/PDMS@M), at approximately pH 7, 20 °C, and 1.0 bar. Dead-end tests used 60 rpm stirring while cross-flow tests employed a tangential velocity of approximately 0.12 m/s when the membrane flux was 500 L·m−2·h−1. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3 for Fig. 7a–d).

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