Fig. 1: Multisynaptic spiking neuron model.

a The brain efficiently handles and recognizes flickering lights and music with varying intensities and frequencies, effectively encoding spatiotemporal dynamics of input signals in biological neurons. b Recent research on the human cerebral cortex has discovered multisynaptic connections, where a single axon establishes multiple synapses on the same post-synaptic neuron²⁸. c The vanilla LIF neurons cannot effectively handle stimuli of varying intensities. d The classical ReLU neurons can encode stimuli as continuous values but cannot process temporal information. e We propose a multisynaptic spiking neuron named Multi-Synaptic Firing (MSF) neuron. The pre-synaptic neuron can establish up to D synapses on the post-synaptic neuron, each with its corresponding threshold. The strong stimulus input will trigger multiple spikes, which are then simultaneously transmitted to the post-synaptic neuron via the multisynaptic structure. f The internal operation schematic of the layer-wise MSF model.