Fig. 3: Triboelectric power-generating mechanism and performances.
From: Self-contracting, battery-free triboelectric wound healing strip with strong wet adhesion
a Schematic illustration of the working principle of SBF strip under ultrasound stimulation, emphasizing membrane potential dynamics. The single-electrode-mode TEH component operates through four sequential contact-separation stages: i, Contact (initial charge transfer); ii, Equilibrium (charge stabilization); iii, Separation (triboelectric potential generation); iv, Equilibrium (restored charge balance). b Triboelectric voltage of SBF strip under 20 kHz ultrasound at 0.5 W cm−2, along with its zoomed-in waveform. c Load resistance analysis of SBF strip under the ultrasound (20 kHz, 0.5 W cm−2). d Acoustic pressure field and the total displacement of B-SMP film, triboelectric layer of device, set 5 mm from ultrasound probe underwater. e Surface potential of B-SMP before and after friction with Mo electrode. f Atomic modeling of triboelectrification of SBF strip denoting HOMOs. g Visualization of electron loss (blue) and electron gain (red) during triboelectrification. h Atomic analysis of charge transfer during triboelectrification.
