Fig. 3: HAADF-STEM images showing the distribution and chemical composition of nanolites in samples of the MTL eruption.

a–c HAADF-STEM images of three samples of MTL scoriae, showing the distribution of nanolites and silicate glass. At higher magnification, nanolites (indicated by the yellow arrows) can be observed in the HAADF-STEM images which form either d spherical-subspherical isolated nanolites or e aggregates which are more elongate and irregular in shape. Instead, f shows only silicate glass, where no nanolites are observed. Also shown are X-ray intensity maps, where a similar clustering of g, h Fe and j, k Ti is observed in areas where nanolites occur. Instead, the i, l silicate glass sample shows no relative increase in Fe and Ti. All samples show a similar distribution of Si from the X-ray intensity maps (m–o), which may result from the surrounding silicate glass.