Fig. 1: Regional setting of the circum-Arctic region.
From: Arctic zircon U-Pb ages reveal multiphase glaciations in East Siberia during the late Quaternary

The outer circle presents range of the circum-Arctic continental shelves, where the entire Eurasian continental shelf is divided into three parts: western, central, and eastern Eurasian (East Siberia) continental shelf. NAIS (North American Ice Sheet) and EAIS (Eurasian Ice Sheet) during LGM (Last Glacial Maximum) are enclosed by the white solid line79; Proposed ESIS (East Siberian Ice Sheet) is enclosed by the white dashed line19. The times of intrusion or eruption of typical magmatic belts80 are marked by black arrow with notes in colored rectangulars27. The colors of the surface sample points in this figure correspond to the fill colors of the zircon age distributions shown in Fig. 2. The red solid/dashed arrows indicate possible direction of Transpolar Drift6. Topographic and bathymetric data are from the GEBCO Grid (https://www.gebco.net/data-products/gridded-bathymetry-data). LR: Lomonosov Ridge; MB: Makarov Basin; CB: Chukchi Borderland; BS: Bering Strait.