Fig. 2: Demand shifter pathways, with resulting production and price forecasts. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Demand shifter pathways, with resulting production and price forecasts.

From: Modeling interconnected minerals markets with multicommodity supply curves: examining the copper-cobalt-nickel system

Fig. 2: Demand shifter pathways, with resulting production and price forecasts.

Historical and experimental demand shifters for (a) cobalt, b copper, and c nickel. Resulting production (primary + secondary) for (d) cobalt, e copper, and f nickel. Resulting prices for (g) cobalt, h copper, and i nickel. Shading represents the 5th to 95th percentiles for each year, and the vertical dashed lines indicate the transition from historical to projected values in 2021. The three individual scenarios associated with 50% demand shifter growth for each commodity are highlighted in d-i to provide examples of scenario pathways across subfigures, with demand shifter growth rates for each commodity shown in the respective legends. $ = 2023 U.S. dollar, DS = demand shifter, kt = thousand metric tons.

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