Fig. 3: Photoelectronic properties and ion migration suppression of perovskite films.

a-b Pseudocolor TA plots. c Comparison of ground state bleaching decay kinetics at 725 nm of perovskite films with hole transport layers. d-e Steady-state PL mapping images of control and target perovskite films. f The fitting results of TRPL of varied thickness of perovskite films through a double-sided heterostructure model. g The temperature-dependent conductivity of control and target perovskite films. h-i The in-situ PL of control and target perovskite films.