Table 2 Clinical and microbiome outcomes at the 4YFU

From: Long-term health outcomes in adolescents with obesity treated with faecal microbiota transplantation: 4-year follow-up

 

FMT

Placebo

 

p

n

Mean  ± SD

n

Mean  ± SD

aMD (95% CI)

Anthropometry

 Weight (kg)

27

117.2 ± 30.3

28

125.6 ± 30.7

−12.2 (−24.9, 0.6)

0.068

 BMI (kg/m2)

26

38.5 ± 9.1

28

41.2 ± 8.8

−3.6 (−7.6, 0.5)

0.095

 Waist circumference (cm)

26

109.3 ± 19.7

28

116.2 ± 15.9

−10.0 (−18.4, −1.5)

0.026

 Hip circumference (cm)

26

124.6 ± 16.6

28

131.2 ± 17.3

−6.3 (−12.8, 0.1)

0.062

Metabolic syndrome

 MetSSS

25

0.11 ± 0.76

28

0.45 ± 0.78

−0.58 (−0.94, −0.22)

0.003

Blood pressure

 SBP (mmHg)

26

124 ± 9

28

125 ± 14

0 (−6, 6)

0.90

 DBP (mmHg)

26

74 ± 6

28

76 ± 9

−2 (−6, 3)

0.53

 MAP (mmHg)

26

91 ± 6

28

93 ± 10

−1 (−6, 3)

0.62

Body composition

 Total body fat (%)

25

43.5 ± 10.3

28

47.9 ± 9.9

−4.8 (−8.8, −0.8)

0.024

 Android-to-gynoid-fat ratio

25

1.13 ± 0.17

28

1.16 ± 0.11

−0.04 (−0.10, 0.02)

0.20

Glucose metabolism

 Fasting insulin (mmol/L)Ln

25

22.4 ± 14.7

28

28.1 ± 19.3

−24% (−47%, 8%)

0.13

 Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

25

5.39 ± 0.41

28

5.43 ± 0.36

−0.04 (−0.23, 0.15)

0.68

 HOMA-IR Ln

25

5.44 ± 3.73

28

6.89 ± 4.99

−25% (−48%, 9%)

0.14

Lipid profile

 Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

25

4.35 ± 1.07

28

4.14 ± 0.70

0.13 (−0.37, 0.64)

0.61

 Triglycerides (mmol/L) Ln

25

1.02 ± 0.50

28

1.13 ± 0.59

−23% (−42%, 2%)

0.070

 LDL (mmol/L)

25

2.74 ± 1.01

28

2.61 ± 0.68

0.04 (−0.43, 0.51)

0.87

 HDL (mmol/L)

25

1.28 ± 0.29

28

1.15 ± 0.34

0.16 (0.01, 0.30)

0.037

Inflammation markers

 hs-CRP (mg/L) Ln

25

2.83 ± 3.39

28

7.03 ± 6.91

−68% (−84%, −37%)

0.002

 Uric acid (umol/L)

25

388 ± 103

28

385 ± 62

−19 (−57, 20)

0.35

Gut microbiome

 Shannon diversity index Ln

23

2.93 ± 0.64

26

2.74 ± 0.54

3% (−10%, 19%)

0.64

 Species richness

23

106 ± 22

26

96 ± 17

13 (5, 21)

0.003

 Gene richness

23

282k ± 73k

26

265k ± 60k

27k (−3k, 58k)

0.089

 Species composition shift Ln

23

0.63 ± 0.11

26

0.53 ± 0.15

0.11 (0.04, 0.19)

0.006

 Pathway composition shift Ln

23

0.047 ± 0.029

26

0.027 ± 0.016

53% (6%, 121%)

0.030

  1. Between-group differences are reported as the adjusted mean differences (aMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) derived from linear models, adjusted for treatment group, sex, age, diet quality score, physical activity (IPAQ total MET) and the baseline value of the outcome. p-values for statistically significant between-group differences at p < 0.05 are shown in bold; p-values are nominal (unadjusted for multiple comparisons) and two-sided. Composition shift represents the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity between baseline and 4YFU microbiome profiles.
  2. LnVariables were log-transformed prior to analysis. The back-transformed aMD and 95% CI are reported as proportional between-group differences (FMT vs. Placebo).
  3. BMI body mass index, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HOMA-IR homoeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, MAP mean arterial pressure, MetSSS metabolic syndrome severity score, SBP systolic blood pressure.
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