Fig. 2: hCitH3-mAb exhibits superior binding capacity to CitH3 compared to commercial CitH3 antibodies.

a Indirect ELISA quantification demonstrating the sensitivity of hCitH3-mAb (blue) versus commercial CitH3-mAb-3Cit antibodies (black). CitH3 standards and test samples were identically diluted, and ELISA procedures were performed in parallel under identical conditions (n = 3). Statistical significance was analyzed using two-way ANOVA (two-sided). ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. The asterisks in the figure indicate comparisons between hCitH3-mAb and commercial CitH3-mAb-3Cit antibodies. b Western blot analysis comparing the sensitivity and specificity of hCitH3-mAb and CitH3-mAb-3Cit. Four peptides (H3, CitH3 (R2,8,17,26), AceH3, and MetH3)were each loaded at 0.5 µg. After electrophoresis and membrane transfer, the blot was divided and probed separately with either hCitH3-mAb or CitH3-mAb-3Cit (2 µg/L). Membranes were processed and exposed simultaneously (n = 3 independent experiments). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-sided t-test (**p < 0.01). c ELISA of human septic serum samples, comparing the sensitivity of hCitH3-mAb and CitH3-mAb-3Cit. d ELISA quantification of CitH3 protein levels in human serum samples. Serum was collected from patients at enrollment, at 24- and 48 h post-enrollment. For the infectious groups, n = 6 at both 24- and 48 h; for the other group, n = 5. The ‘Mild’ group corresponds to patients with a total SOFA score ≤6, while the ‘Moderate-to-Severe’ group corresponds to a SOFA score >6. Non-infectious controls represent patients who experience shock without clinical or laboratory evidence of infection. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using two-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01).Source data are provided as a Source Data file.