Fig. 3: Transcriptomic taxonomy of glutamatergic cell types and spatial arrangement in the human cerebral cortex.

a The UMAP projection plot of glutamatergic neurons. glutamatergic neurons were divided into 9 subclasses corresponding to their projection types: NP, L6 CAR3, L6 IT, ET, L6 CT, L6b, L2-L3/IT, L3-L4/IT and L4-L5/IT. b Detailed UMAP plot showcasing diverse glutamatergic subclasses and the regional information. c The spatially resolved single-cell transcriptome of the adult human telencephalon DLPFC as determined by Stereo-seq analyses (left). Scatterplot of Stereo-seq example (DLPFC) showing 4 IT gradient-laminar distributed glutamatergic subclasses (right). Cells are colored by their subclass ID (same color as in Fig. 3a). The slide measures 1 cm × 1 cm, with subclasses visualized using cell bins, and cell-type deconvolution conducted with 10 µm cell bins derived from Stereo-seq data. d Laminar distribution of typical glutamatergic neurons at the Stereo spatial cortical regions. Stereo spatial transcriptome results of the glutamatergic neurons were divided into 5 different subclasses. The color and alpha of spots denote the position of each neuron, same color as in Fig. 3a. The subclasses are displayed using the cell bin. e Heatmap showing scaled expression of representative DEGs enriched in L2-L3/IT, L3-L4/IT, L4-L5/IT, and L6 IT (left), and line charts showing the expression levels of marker genes in subclasses during the cortical layer from shallow to deep (right).