Fig. 7: Early competition verification between tissue regeneration and scarring at 4 days, and late pathological and mechanism survey at 4 weeks. | Nature Communications

Fig. 7: Early competition verification between tissue regeneration and scarring at 4 days, and late pathological and mechanism survey at 4 weeks.

From: Dynamically urethra-adapted and obligations-oriented trilayer hydrogels integrate scarless urethral repair

Fig. 7

a mRNA expression levels of TGF-β2, SMAD2, SMAD3, YAP1, MMP1, and VEGFA in the control group, D-H/Zein/BPV group, and normal group at 4 days post-surgery of rabbit tissue. b Western blot results depicting the expression of key proteins in the TGF-β signaling pathway and proteins related to scarless wound healing in the control group, D-H/Zein/BPV group, and normal group at 4 days post-surgery of rabbit tissue. More than three experiments of different samples were conducted, and the results were repeatable. c Schematic on tight and loose cell junctions at the normal and scar of urethral epithelial layer. Elements were created in BioRender. Ming, Y. (2025). Immunofluorescence staining (d) and semi-quantitative analysis (e) of HIF-1α, MYLK, and YAP1 protein expression at neotissues at 4 weeks in the control group, D-H/Zein/BP group, and D-H/Zein/BPV group. Top 20 upregulated and downregulated signaling pathways in the KEGG enrichment analysis at 4 weeks after comparing control group with D-H/Zein/BP (f) and D-H/Zein/BPV (g) group. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 3). Unpaired two-sided Student’s t test was used to analyze the significance, and ‘ns’ no significance, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Source data is provided as a Source Data file.

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