Table 2 Haematologic and non-haematologic abnormalities and infections between + 24 and + 100 days posttransplant

From: Autonomous artificial intelligence prescribing a drug to prevent severe acute graft-versus-host disease in HLA-haploidentical transplants

 

AI focus group (n = 110)

Co-variate-matched controls (n = 252)

p-value a

Haematologic abnormalities, n (%)

Severe anaemia (haemoglobin <80 g/L)

67 (61)

140 (56)

0.36

Severe neutropenia (neutrophils <500/μL)

28 (25)

62 (25)

0.90

Severe thrombocytopenia (platelets <20000/μL)

34 (31)

108 (43)

0.04

Non-haematologic, n (%)

Headache

13 (12)

17 (7)

0.15

Dizziness

9 (8)

17 (7)

0.66

Diarrhoea

28 (25)

77 (31)

0.38

Oedema

8 (7)

29 (12)

0.26

Severe hypercholesterolaemia (total cholesterol >17.1mmol/L)

0 (0)

1 (0.4)

>0.99

High alanine transaminase level ( >120 U/L)

16 (15)

58 (23)

0.07

High aspartate transaminase level ( >105 U/L)

8 (7)

53 (21)

0.001

High total bilirubin ( >63 μmol/L)

5 (5)

21 (8)

0.27

Petechiae, bruises, or purpura

5 (5)

28 (11)

0.05

Haemorrhagic cystitis

20 (18)

78 (31)

0.01

Bleeding at other loci (oropharynx, nose, lung,

or digestive tract)

6 (5)

21 (8)

0.39

Cardiac event(s)

7 (6)

11 (4)

0.44

Thrombosis

0 (0)

3 (1)

0.56

Infection, n (%)

CMV viraemia (DNA ≥5000 copies/ml) *

7 (6)

112 (44)

<0.001

Pneumonia

4 (4)

19 (8)

0.24

Urinary tract infection

24 (22)

70 (28)

0.24

Infection at other loci (oropharynx, skin, soft tissue,

or perianal region)

13 (12)

31 (12)

>0.99

  1. a Two-sided Fisher’s exact test; p-values are not adjusted for multiple-hypothesis testing.
  2. * The lower rate of CMV viraemia in the AI focus group compared with the co-variate-matched controls might be attributable to recent adoption of antiviral letermovir, which was approved in the Chinese mainland in January, 2022.
  3. AI artificial intelligence, CMV cytomegalovirus.