Fig. 7: OCA prevents cholecystectomy-induced colorectal tumorigenesis.

a Schematic overview shows OCA treatments in the sham or cholecystectomy mice with AOM/DSS treatment. b Representative images of the colon (n = 6/group). c Average tumor number (n = 6/group). d Representative images of H&E staining (left) and semiquantitative analysis (right) (n = 6/group). H&E staining showed normal, dysplastic mucosae and carcinoma in the colon tissues. The bottom scale bar is 200 μm and the top scale bar is 20 μm. e Protein expression of FXR, β-catenin, c-Myc, and GAPDH within the colon cancerous tissues for each group. f Co-immunoprecipitation of the interaction between FXR and β-catenin in colon cancerous tissues. g Co-immunoprecipitation of the interaction between TCF4 and β-catenin in colon cancerous tissues. h Representative image and quantification of organoids generated from GBx+AOM/DSS mice treated with control, GUDCA (100 μM), or GUDCA + OCA (10 μM) (n = 5/group). Scale bar, 20 μm. i IHC staining of FXR, β-catenin, and c-Myc in healthy controls and cholecystectomy patients in colon tissues. (n = 4/group). The bottom scale bar is 200 μm and the top scale bar is 20 μm. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM. P values were determined by ANOVA and were indicated in each figure. HC healthy control, GBx cholecystectomy, OCA obeticholic acid. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.