Fig. 1: Biomimetic synthesis and biological functions of PEI-arg@MON@BA.

a The schematic diagram and molecular synthetic strategy for PEI-arg@MON@BA. Arg is first grafted onto PEI to get PEI-arg, and BTES is premixed with TEOS. By mixing, the PEI-arg promotes the hydrolysis of alkoxysilane and the formation of PEI-arg@MON. BA is loaded into PEI-arg@MON to get PEI-arg@MON@BA. b The treatment protocols on the therapy of PEI-arg@MON@BA on rat IRI model, human ischemic liver and rat LT model. c The mechanisms on the generation of liver IRI inflammatory cascade driven by intracellular Ca2+ overload, oxidative stress, inflammatory network, and microcirculation disturbance, and the therapeutic effects (passive targeting and scavenging pathogenic factors to suppress inflammation) of PEI-arg@MON@BA against hepatic IRI. Abbreviations: BTES, bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl] tetrasulfide; TEOS, tetraethyl orthosilicate; KC, Kupffer cells; MPO, myeloperoxidase. This Figure created with BioRender.com. https://BioRender.com/a6f1jkd.