Fig. 6: Passive targeting and biological fate of NMSs.

a Treatment protocols on the rat IRI model. Fluorescence images (b) and the semiquantitative fluorescence analysis (c healthy rats, d IRI rats) of RITC labeled PEI-arg@MON@BA in the main organs and blood of rats. Quantitative analysis on the distribution of PEI-arg@MON@BA in the main organs (e) and blood (f) of healthy rats and IRI rats detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). CLSM images (g) and the semiquantitative fluorescence analysis (h), BS, HL,II represent before surgery, healthy lobe and ischemic lobe, respectively) of RITC labeled PEI-arg@MON@BA in the liver lobes of rats during IRI; blue: cell nucleus, red: RITC labeled PEI-arg@MON@BA. i. The bio-TEM images of PEI-arg@MON@BA in the liver lobes of rats during IRI. j In vitro release of BA from PEI-arg@MON@BA in pH 7.4 PBS. n = 3 biologically independent animals. Data presented as the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA. Plasma concentration-time profiles (k) and distribution (l, m, n at 2, 6, and 24 h post intravenous injection, respectively; H, Li, S, Lu, K and B represent heart, liver, spleen lung, kidney and brain, respectively) of BA from PEI-arg@MON@BA. n = 3 biologically independent animals. Data presented as the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 by two-tailed Student’s t-test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.