Fig. 2: Accuracy of transformation between template ages.

a Bar plots showing the mean distance of landmark coordinates (n = 54 landmarks) as identified by human raters (n = 4, “Rater 1–4”), the average rater (“Average rater”), and the DeMBA transformation matrix (“DeMBA matrix”) to the median of the other raters’ coordinates. The distance is expressed in micrometres (µm). The y-axis is truncated from 650 µm upwards due to outlier values. The mean DeMBA error ranged from 103.3 to 185.5 µm, whereas the mean error for the average rater ranged from 144.5 to 220.3 µm across the ages. (a1–a5) Individual bar plots for each template age (P4, P7, P14, P21 and P28). The average rater and DeMBA matrix distances were compared with a two-tailed t test. b Heatmap visualisations of the voxel-wise distance between DeMBA matrix coordinates and the median of raters, with the intensity of the colour indicating the mean error per voxel, i.e., a brighter colour indicates higher errors. Data are interpolated based on the nearest assessed coordinates to provide 3D representations. c Mean distance of DeMBA matrix coordinates to the median coordinate of raters organised according to the major brain region in which the coordinate is located (n = 54 landmarks). The HPF and ISO generally showed higher error than other areas. Abbreviations: CB cerebellum, CNU cerebral nuclei, ft fibre tracts, HPF hippocampal formation, HYP hypothalamus, ISO isocortex, MB-HBMY midbrain-hindbrain-medulla, OLF olfactory areas, TH thalamus, VS ventricular system.