Fig. 4: Genetic correlations (rg) and polygenic overlap to identify sex-specific pleiotropy.
From: Sex-stratified genome-wide association meta-analysis of major depressive disorder
a Rg of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in females and males with other psychiatric disorders, metabolic and substance use traits. b Rg of MDD in females and males with BMI in females and males. c Venn diagrams depicting the number of causal variants explaining 90% of h2SNP in MDD only, BMI/metS only, or both traits as identified by MiXeR in females (yellows) and males (purples). d Venn diagrams depicting the number of genomic regions that contain a causal variant for both MDD and BMI/metS in females only, both sexes, or males only as identified in gwas-pw. Females are in yellow and males in dark purple. Rg in panels a, b were estimated using linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) using our sex-stratified GWAS summary statistics (Females: 130,471 cases, 159,521 controls. Males: 64,805 cases, 132,185 controls) and publicly available GWAS datasets for the other traits (Supplementary Data 21). Points represent the rg point estimates and error bars denote the 95% confidence interval. Stars indicate a significant difference in rg between females and males for a given trait, assessed using the jack-knife method and a two-sided Z-test on the difference in rg across the 200 jack-knife pseudo-values. P values were adjusted using the Benjamini Hochberg method for 11 tests (all traits, panel a) or two tests (sex-specific BMI, b). Exact p values are provided in Supplementary Data 23 and 25. PTSD = post-traumatic stress disorder, ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, BMI = body mass index, Waist/hip ratio = waist to hip ratio adjusted for BMI, metS = metabolic syndrome.
