Fig. 3: MCOF composite membrane fabricated by trapping and sucking co-growing.

a Schematic illustration of the growth process of MCOF composite membranes. b SEM images of the 0.5-NH2-CuBDC-TAPA-TFP MCOF composite membrane and corresponding EDXS mapping and Cu elemental distribution. c Pore size distribution (inset: BET surface areas, filled symbols for adsorption and unfilled symbols for desorption) of the 0.25-NH2-CuBDC-TAPA-TFP MCOF composite membrane. d XRD profiles of prepared MCOF composite membranes (inset: GIWAXS pattern of the 0.25-NH2-CuBDC-TAPA-TFP MCOF composite membrane). e HRTEM image of the 0.5-NH2-CuBDC-TAPA-TFP MCOF composite membrane.