Fig. 2: Metformin treatment increases MBP+ human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived cortical brain organoid oligodendroglia.
From: Metformin alters mitochondria-related metabolism and enhances human oligodendrocyte function
A Schematic representation of hESC-derived cortical brain organoid oligodendroglia differentiation protocol. B Illustrative immunofluorescence images of hESC-derived oligodendroglia in organoids at day 67 of in vitro differentiation (DIV), showing PDGFRα+ oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) (red) co-expressing OLIG2 (cyan) and of day 112 showing MBP+ oligodendrocytes (yellow) co-expressing OLIG2 (cyan). Scale bars = 100 μm or 50 μm (zoom). C MBP+ area of immunofluorescence per total organoid area after treatment with metformin compared to vehicle-treated controls (ddH2O). n = 5 biological replicates. Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test with Dallal-Wilkinson-Lillie for p-value, two-tailed unpairedt test. Mean ± SEM. D UMAP representation of clustered organoid-derived oligodendroglia integrated with scRNAseq organoid data from (Marton et al.23). E Dot plot of selected marker genes showing cluster segregation. F Integration with adult human post-mortem cortical hemisphere oligodendroglia snRNAseq dataset18. G Cosine similarity heatmap showing similarities between the hESC-derived brain organoid oligodendroglia (target, labelled with co_) dataset and the adult human cortical oligodendroglia (source) dataset. Source data are provided in the Source Data file. Created in BioRender. Swire, M. (2025) https://BioRender.com/cl7w2km.
