Fig. 1: Construction of a c-MYC-based gene circuit for reprogramming cancer cells to trigger specific cancer immunotherapies.

Overall design of the gene circuit platform. An intravesical instillation therapy based on the cMSC/CtC platform has been delivered by AAV and developed to eradicate bladder cancer. The cMSC is programmed to be activated precisely in cancer cells with pathological c-MYC expression. The cell-to-cell system is designed to augment gene circuit communication in tumor cells. Combinatorial immunostimulatory outputs, including STE bitargeting CD3 and CD28, IL-21, CCL5, and anti-PD1, are expressed by the cMSC/CtC platform to selectively trigger robust cancer immunotherapy. Created in BioRender. Zhan, H. (2025) https://BioRender.com/3egw3g5.