Fig. 3: Temporal trends in marine biodiversity during the Phanerozoic.
From: Unravelling the drivers of marine biodiversity across the Phanerozoic
a Long-term changes in observed species richness; blue, orange, yellow, purple and red thin lines are from Alroy39, a recently updated version of the Sepkoski’s database, PBDB, Sepkoski38, and Zaffos40, respectively. The resulting first principal component, referred to as fossil species richness index (see main text and Methods), is the thick, red line. b Long-term changes in HadCM3-based simulated biodiversity (blue) in relation with the fossil species richness index; allopatric speciation was included in the model. c As per panel b without allopatric speciation. d Long-term changes in available marine shallow-water area in relation with the fossil species richness index. e Long-term changes in the continental fragmentation index (blue) in relation with the fossil species richness index. The continental fragmentation index is after ref. 40. f Long-term changes in the latitudinal continental index (LCI, blue) in relation with the fossil species richness. g Long-term changes in LBG-weighted LCI (blue) in relation with the fossil species richness index. The correlation coefficient r, and its probability before (p) and after (pACF, ACF for autocorrelation function) accounting for temporal autocorrelation are provided in each panel. Cm Cambrian, Ord Ordovician, S Silurian, Dev Devonian, Carb Carboniferous, Perm Permian, Tr Triassic, Jur Jurassic, K Cretaceous, Pg Paleogene, Ng Neogene. Ma million years ago. Sp. Richness species richness. No spec. no speciation. Fossil spe richness ind fossil species richness index.
