Fig. 6: In vivo GelMa/Mg/DMF MSs enhance osteoporosis treatment.

A Coronal and three-dimensional reconstructed images eight weeks after surgery for cranial defects viewed by micro-CT. Quantitative results of BMD B and bone volume-to-total volume (BV/TV) C in the cranial defect of C57 mice determined by micro-CT (n = 5 samples). D Cross-sectional image of the tibial observed via micro-CT. E Cross-sectional image of a representative spine viewed via micro-CT. Quantitative results of BMD in the tibial F and spine G of C57 mice determined by micro-CT (n = 5 samples). Quantitative results of the number of trabeculae (Tb.N) H and the degree of separation of trabeculae (Tb.Sp) I in the cranial defect of C57 mice determined by micro-CT (n = 5 samples). J Fluorescence microscope observation of a typical image of calcein and alizarin red staining. Scale bars: 200 μm. K Quantification of the mineralization rate (MAR) (n = 5 samples). L Compression experimental diagram. (created with BioRender.com) M Stress-strain curve of the femur. N Quantitative analysis of the modulus of elasticity of the femur of C57 mice (n = 5 samples). The data are presented as the means ± SD. Statistical significance was calculated by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.