Fig. 5: Bidirectional electronic transfer interaction mechanisms.

In situ electrochemical assay in Mn–Fe–NC (A) and Mn–Fe–NC used 50 times (B) in terms of open-circuit potentials. Conditions: [pollutants] = 5.0 mgC·L−1, [O3]gas = 1.0 wt%. Highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) values of MnN4–O3* and MnN3–Fe1@FeN4–O3* (C). HOMO and LUMO values of MnN4–O* and MnN3–Fe1@FeN4–O*/O2* (D). Yellow and blue electron clouds indicate regions where the wave function is positive and negative. Schematic diagram of electronic transport interactions strategy in Mn–Fe–NC inducing sustainable high-activity in ozone catalysis (E).