Fig. 4: EMI shielding performance of (ⁿPBFDO/^cCNFs)^IL films.

a Photographs showing a non-conductive ^cCNFs^IL film and a conductive (ⁿPBFDO/^cCNFs)^IL film completing an LED circuit, respectively; schematic diagram of the setup used to assess film conductivity. b Electric conductivity of films with varying ⁿPBFDO content. Error bars show (mean values ±) s.d.; n = 5 repeats. c Frequency-dependent total EMI shielding effectiveness SE_T of (ⁿPBFDO/^cCNFs)^IL films with different ⁿPBFDO loadings and ^cCNFs film. d Shielding effectiveness contributions: The SE_T, SE_A, and SE_R values are plotted along with different ⁿPBFDO content. e Photographs of Tesla coil tests demonstrating the EMI shielding performance. f Proportion of SE_A to SE_T. g Reflection (R), transmission (T), and absorption (A) coefficients for films with increasing ⁿPBFDO content. h A comparison between the EMI shielding performances registered by the (ⁿPBFDO/^cCNFs)^IL films and other representative EMI shielding materials. i Schematic illustration of EMI attenuation mechanisms via a 3D conductive network and multi-reflection.