Fig. 1: Morphology and crystallinity of perovskite films. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Morphology and crystallinity of perovskite films.

From: Minimizing interfacial energy losses via multifunctional cage-like diammonium molecules for efficient perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

Fig. 1: Morphology and crystallinity of perovskite films.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Top-view SEM images of the (left) control and (right) DCl-treated perovskite films. b AFM images of the (left) control and (right) DCl-treated perovskite films. c, d 2D GIWAXS patterns of the control and DCl-treated perovskite films with a grazing incidence angle of 0.2°. e 1D-GIWAXS profiles along the in-plane direction (qx) for the control and DCl-treated perovskite films at 0.2° incidence angle. f AFM-IR images of the control and DCl-treated perovskite films. g ToF-SIMS 3D images of the cage-like diammonium cation (C6H13N2+) and chloride anion (Cl−).

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