Fig. 2: Fine-structure characterization of M-RuO2 catalysts.

a, b HRTEM images of the Sb-RuO2 polycrystalline nanosheets. c XRD pattern of M-RuO2 (M=Ti, Ce, Bi, Sb). d HAADF-STEM image of Sb-RuO2 and corresponding fast Fourier transform pattern. e The corresponding atomically resolved elemental mapping of Sb-RuO2. f Raman spectra of Sb-RuO2 and RuO2. g Ru K-edge and Sb K-edge XANES spectra of Sb-RuO2. h Corresponding Fourier transform of extended Sb K-edge EXAFS in R spaces (R: radial distance). Source data for Fig. 2 are provided as a Source Data file.