Fig. 2: Electrochemical acidic CO2RR performance in flow cell.

a jtotal (80% iR compensation), b FECO, c jCO (80% iR compensation), d CO production rate (80% iR compensation), e TOFCO, f j(CO)ECSA (80% iR compensation) of NiPc-NH2/CNT-SHP, NiPc-NH2/CNT and NiPc@CNT in 0.5 M K2SO4 + H2SO4 (pH = 1), Resistance: 4.2 ± 0.42 Ω. g Total current density and FECO of NiPc-NH2/CNT-SHP in acidic CO2RR test (80% iR compensation). h Acid CO2RR utilization efficiency of NiPc-NH2/CNT-SHP with different CO2 flow rates. i Comparison of acidic CO2RR performance of NiPc-NH2/CNT-SHP in flow cell with other reported catalysts. The error bars represent the standard deviation of three independent measurements. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.