Fig. 6: Reduced network model with fixed E → I synaptic strength in the depressed state (pIE = 0.11).

a Schematic of the reduced system. b Top: Bifurcation diagram of the excitatory rate (rE) as the depression threshold θEE is varied. Red lines denote stable fixed points, the dashed black line denotes an unstable fixed point, and the green lines show the peak and trough of a network oscillation (limit cycle). For the computation of the bifurcation diagram, we took K = 400. Bottom: The period of the oscillation as a function of θEE. Right: Sample simulations for two different values of θEE (top: θEE = 0.9, bottom: θEE = 0.5), with K = 400. c Limit cycle of the underlying dynamical system overlaid on the nullcline for pEE.