Fig. 3: Odor identity representation by G7f, rACh, and r5-HT across multiple brain regions.

a Accuracy maps averaged across flies. b Average accuracy in each brain region (mean ± s.e.m). c Schematic of the dimensionality reduction method. d–f Low-dimensional manifolds for G7f (d), rACh (e), and r5-HT (f) of a fly. Top and middle: Each line represents the response in one trial. Bottom: Each line is the average odor response of an odor identity. Top: Colors denote odor identities. Middle: Colors denote the trial order. Bottom: Colors denote the time relative to odor delivery. Manifolds in d and e are from the same fly. Arrows indicate consistent scale across dimensions (units arbitrary). g Voxel-level multiple-brain-region odor identity classification accuracy. P = 0.09 for G7f and rACh; P = 0.0003 for rACh and r5-HT. h–j Manifold metrics. h Top left: Distance to the origin (mean ± s.e.m). The opaque dashed lines sign the time for returning to the one-fifth of the maximum distance. The translucent dashed lines sign the time for returning to the random state. Top right: Maximum distance. Bottom left: Time for returning to the one-fifth of the maximum distance. Bottom right: Time for returning to the random state. i Similar to (h), but for inter-class distance. j Left: Intra-class distance (mean ± s.e.m). Right: Statistics of intra-class distance. Box plot: center lines, median; box limits, upper and lower quartiles; whiskers, 1.5x interquartile range; each point represents a fly in (g–j). k Maps of odor tuning. l Similar to (k), but for odor identification weight. 10 flies co-labeled by G7f and rACh and 10 co-labeled by G7f and r5-HT are analyzed. n = 20 flies for G7f, n = 10 flies for rACh, n = 10 flies for r5-HT. Kruskal–Wallis test in (b); Two-sided Mann–Whitney U test and Benjamini/Hochberg multi-comparison correction in (g–j). Source data are provided as a Source data file. Detailed statistical results are also listed in the Source data file. ****P < 0.0001, ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05, ns - not significant (P > 0.05). Scale bars: 50 μm.