Fig. 3: Structures and properties of EM-AC aerogel.

a Optical photo of aramid colloidal aerogel film prepared by EM strategy (scale bar, 1 cm) (Inset: nitrogen adsorption-desorption curve of the resulting aerogel film with density of 69.8 mg cm⁻³. b SEM images (scale bar, 1 μm), c typical WAXS patterns and d its relative radial profiles from the side cross-section views of ANF aerogel films with densities varying from (i) 21.2 mg cm⁻³, (ii) 69.8 mg cm⁻³ and (iii) 112.1 mg cm⁻³ and from iv) top view of ANF film. e Stress-strain curves of the electro-manipulated aramid colloidal (EM-AC) aerogel films and blade-coating aramid colloidal (BC-AC) aerogel films with density of 112 mg cm⁻³. f Parallel and vertical thermal conductivity of EM-AC aerogel film with density of 69.8 mg cm⁻³. g Area-specific resistance and proton conductivity of different films including commercial Nafion film, BC-AC, EM-AC aerogel film (48.5 mg cm⁻³), the BC-AC and EM-AC aerogel film with ionic liquids (BC-AC-ILB, EM-AC-ILB).