Fig. 3: Solar-driven H2O2 production and biomass-upgraded chemicals over different catalysts.
a Time profiles of H2O2 photosynthesis by various RF photocatalysts. Experimental conditions: Toluene (2 mL), benzyl alcohol (0.5 mL), water (2 mL), photocatalyst (1 g/L), visible-light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm, 100 mW/cm2), 1 atm, O2 and T = 303 K. b The yield of H2O2 and benzaldehyde comparison over RF/C-TaSA in deionized water, tap water, lake water and seawater. Experimental conditions: photocatalyst (1 g/L) with toluene (2 mL), benzyl alcohol (0.5 mL) and various water sources (2 mL) under visible-light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm, 100 mW/cm2) for 1 h and T = 25 °C. c Apparent quantum yield (AQY) of RF/C-TaSA as a function of wavelength (purple 400 nm, blue 430 nm, green 519 nm, yellow 580 nm and red 625 nm). Experimental conditions: photocatalyst (1 g/L) with toluene (2 mL), benzyl alcohol (0.5 mL) and various water sources (2 mL) under 1 h light irradiation and T = 25 °C. d The performance of H2O2 photosynthesis over RF/C-TaSA by using furfuryl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol and 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanol (0.5 M) in toluene (2 mL)/water (2 mL) mixed solution or 100 mg of thatch, pine needle, and waste paper powders in water (50 mL) as a proton source. Error bars in b–d represent the average values (mean ± s.d., n = 3). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
