Fig. 1: Wearable soft biosensing bioelectronic system based on nucleic acid cascade amplification for in-situ chronic wound monitoring.
a Schematic of a wearable, breathable, and wireless FPCB on a chronic diabetic foot wound; wound healing mechanism and different wound healing-related proteins released in different stages of wound healing. Created in BioRender. Xiao, X. (2025) https://BioRender.com/z38470w. b Top: Schematic illustration of the nanofiber-based multiplexed biosensing electronics, which comprises biophysical and biochemical sensors for pH, temperature, and wound healing-related proteins detection. Bottom: DNA solution confined in the hydrophilic region of the nanofiber based on patterned wettability. T temperature, CE counter electrode, RE reference electrode. c Schematic comparison of DNA circuit reactions and sensing signals triggered by target with (2) and without (1) SCTD, along with illustration of SCTD working principle: In hydrophilic-confined regions, target proteins in wound exudate trigger DNA cascade amplification around electrode-anchored TDNA, with pre-coated auxiliary DNA (H1) dissolution enabling the amplification process. d Radial graph comparing different wearable wound sensors based on various properties6,11,12,44. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. e Digital images of a fully integrated wireless bioelectronic system. Scale bar, 2 cm.
