Fig. 1: Sample locations.
From: Enhanced deep Southern Ocean stratification during the lukewarm interglacials
a Meridional distributions of oxygen levels (colour shading) overlain by neutral density (γn) contours (white curves)81,82. Locations of ferromanganese crust Haxby and core PS2551 are shown by a red circle and a yellow diamond, respectively. Locations of ferromanganese nodules from the South Pacific (orange), Pacific sector of the SO (dark blue), and Drake Passage (light blue) are marked as squares in the inset map. b 208Pb/206Pb-206Pb/204Pb plot of preindustrial Pb isotope signals recovered from surfaces of ferromanganese nodules and crusts in the upper panel30,40,83. Southern Ocean nodules show that AABW in the Pacific sector is characterized by low 208Pb/206Pb (<2.0625) ratios, whereas South Pacific nodules show that Pacific waters, such as PDW, carry higher 208Pb/206Pb ratios (>2.0625). AABW Antarctic Bottom Water, PDW Pacific Deep Water, LCDW Lower Circumpolar Deep Water.
