Fig. 7: Biocompatibility assessment of MgO/MgF₂:Cr³⁺ in RAW264.7 macrophage cells.

a Cell viability of RAW264.7 cells after incubation with MgO/MgF₂:Cr³⁺ dispersions at concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 μg mL⁻¹ for 24, 48, and 72 h, as evaluated by a standard CCK-8 assay. All tested concentrations maintained high survival rates (>90%), indicating low cytotoxicity. Four cells were cultured simultaneously at each concentration (Supplementary Fig. 29). b Live/Dead fluorescence staining images of cells treated with 1, 50, and 100 μg mL⁻¹ for 24, 48, and 72 h (Green, live cells; Red, dead cells in Supplementary Fig. 30). Predominant green fluorescence (viable cells) across all conditions further confirms excellent cytocompatibility. Scale bar: 100 μm. Raw image files for (b) are provided as Supplementary Data 1. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.