Fig. 3: Total material flows along China’s passenger car supply chain in 2019. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Total material flows along China’s passenger car supply chain in 2019.

From: Global hidden material flows triggered by China’s vehicle supply chain far exceed eventual material use

Fig. 3

Units are million metric tonnes (Mt) for all values. The material flows starting from the left represent the total amount of material that needs to be mined from the lithosphere to support China’s passenger car production. The dark-colored flows (represented by black numbers) indicate direct material flows, while the relatively light-colored flows (represented by gray numbers) represent the accompanying hidden flows. Dark gray flows show metal losses in each process, whereas light gray flows represent hidden flows that do not enter the car sector.

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