Fig. 2: Currently known targets of 4,4’-dimethoxychalcone.

4,4’-dimethoxychalcone (i) inhibits specific, autophagy-repressing GATA TFs, (ii) interacts with iron homeostasis and (iii) promotes redox capacity both via enzymatic and scavenging activities. The engagement of these pathways results in diverse protective effects, including promotion of organismal lifespan. TFs, transcription factors. HMOX1, heme oxygenase 1. NCOA4, nuclear receptor coactivator 4. NRF2, Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Keap1, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1. RFK, riboflavin kinase. FMN, flavin mononucleotide. Created in BioRender. Zimmermann, A. (2025) https://BioRender.com/vj1425e.