Fig. 4: Performance and feature importance of first trimester (T1) predictive models for EOPE and LOPE.

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for EOPE (a) and LOPE (d) models across internal validation (validation 1) and external validation23 (validation 2). The X-axis represents the False Negative Rate; the Y-axis, the True Positive Rate. Violin plots showing correctly and misclassified patients and controls based on the classifier score obtained from the predictive model for EOPE (b) and LOPE (e). The X-axis shows the real obstetric outcome; the Y-axis, the predicted outcome. Bar plot illustrating each cfRNAs contribution to EOPE (c) and LOPE (f) models. The X-axis shows the feature importance scores, which quantify the relative contribution of each cfRNA to the model’s predictions, with higher scores indicating features that play a more significant role in discriminating between outcomes. CfRNAs associated with DR are marked with an asterisk. AUC, area under the curve.